The Effects Of Slavery On African American Communities

In the seventeenth century, European colonists utilized the vast land in North America for large-scale farming. The successful planting of several crops led to a massive demand for these products. The cultivation of these plants was labor intensive, and the declining availability of white indentured servants made white planters turn towards slave labor. In the book The Half Has Never Been Told, author Edward Baptist described the productivity of slave labor on the plantations and its contribution to the United States’ economy. In addition, he remarked the devastating effects of slavery on African-American communities. Slaves faced degradation, brutality, sexual exploitation, and inadequate living conditions. Some colonists viewed slavery was immoral and inhumane and supported the abolition of this practice. However, this issue continued to exist in the early American republic because of slavery’s immense role in driving the national economy and the protection of slavery by the Constitution and Southern politicians. The institution of slavery was necessary to maintain high production rate. Following the revolt of poor and armed whites in Bacon’s rebellion in 1676, Southern economy switched toward black slave labor. Unlike white indentured servants, slaves were properties. Planters felt that the rules and obligations of being a good humanitarian did not apply to slaves, which justified their cruelty. Edward Baptist noted that â€Å"Sarah Wells remembered that near Warren County,Show MoreRelatedTheme Summary : Abolition Of Slavery 978 Words   |  4 PagesTheme: Abolition of Slavery Image: Photograph Depicting Boy Tied to Post The image viewed and analyzed for the purposes of this assignment is representative of an excellent piece that contributes to the abolishing slavery theme. The picture portrays a young man who can’t be much older than eighteen years in age shackled to some type of pole or post. The young man is of African-American descent and he appears to be dressed in some sort of prison garments. His pants are dingy and faded with a patternRead MoreSlavery During The United States966 Words   |  4 PagesIt seems as though slavery has always been etched into our history since the beginning of time. The first recordings of slaves are from the Biblical times. From the Babylonian’s, 18th century BC; to the abolishment of slavery in the United States, 1865; people across the world endured the hardships of slavery. People of all races were enslaved, from the Jews to the African American people. The Jewish people suffered a great deal from the Holocaust, according to, the Detroit News, à ¢â‚¬Å"Germany has agreedRead MoreEssay on The Atlantic Slave Trade921 Words   |  4 Pageschanges in African life during the slave trade era form an important element in the economic and technological development of Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on both the economy and technology, it is important to understand that slavery was not a new concept to Africa. In fact, internal slavery existed in Africa for many years. Slaves included war captives, the kidnapped, adulterers, and other criminals and outcasts. However, the number of persons held in slavery in AfricaRead MoreThe Moral Qualities Of The Early Years Of African Americans976 Words   |  4 Pages Emancipation did not necessarily create a substantial life for African Americans. A few conflicting ideas that determined the moral qualities of the early years was de facto slavery, social aspects of emancipation, and political aspects of emancipation. The result of these concepts deterred gr owth for African Americans and white supremacy continued to take over the African American community. These conflicting ideas essentially exemplifies emancipation being a â€Å"process† and not a â€Å"moment†, becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1547 Words   |  7 PagesMorrison’s Beloved extends beyond a description of individuals held captive by their past through the exploration of human responses to slavery. The manipulation of language and its controlled absence reinforces the mental enslavement that persists after individuals are freed from physical bondage. It is when language is amplified into song that an individual or community may free themselves from the constraints of mental enslavement, therefore enabling their ability to claim ownership of themselves andRead MoreAmerica Is The Land Of The Free Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant, as there was little to no racial diversity. Coming from a country where I did not even look at the color of my skin to a place where the only thing people saw was my color, astonished me. Living in the United States and learning about slavery in middle school, I thought of it as something that was long gone, something I would never have to worry about, but as I grew older I began to see the lingering shadows that remained. A petrified twelve-year-old me once asked my mother why we wereRead MoreSlave Culture810 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery is a stain in the history of the United States that will always be particularly remembered for the cruelty it exhibited. Up until 1865 slaves were imported in shiploads and treated as if they were merely cattle. On the farms slaves were given no mercy and had to work long, arduous days for nothin g. Additionally they were often subject to cruel overseers who would beat and whip them on a regular basis. As brutal and destructive as the institution of slavery was, slaves were not defenselessRead MoreAfrican Americans And Identity Of African American1169 Words   |  5 PagesIn the year of 1619, the largest oppressive legal structure in American History came about, the institution of slavery. Although slavery was abolished in the year of 1865, African Americans are still enslaved by intuitional racism. There are systems in place to keep minorities at a disadvantage. This system of oppression is carried by a number of factors such as; the segregation of black people in urban areas referred to as ghettos, mass incarceration rate for people of color, large educational gapsRead MoreLasting Effects Slavery Has Had on African American Culture Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the colonial period early American settlers came up with the idea to bring African natives overseas to A merica and use them as slaves. The white man was higher up than the black man in society at the time because of the color of his skin. Americans consider this the biggest blight on our history. The shame of this period in our history still continues today for many whites, but many blacks still feel angry and oppressed. With the election of our first black president, we are really showingRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 PagesCrow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civil rights movement. Fast-forward to 2008 the election of Barack Obama certified that African-Americans where no longer viewed

The Body Politic The Removal Of Agency And The Struggle...

The Body Politic: The Removal of Agency and the Struggle for Power The demand for sexual services is a universal constant in human society—from the sexual slavery of the Indo-Asian colonial period, to contemporary Canada, the relation between sex and power is an undisputed fact. Prostitutes and concubines are and were people who struggled with power historically due to their positions in society and their occupations; they have struggled for political access, for their own safety, and for their freedom. By contrasting modern prostitution with concubinage in colonial Asia, I will show how systems of justice operate in sexist and racist policies in order to regulate and restrict the agency of sex workers and concubines. From the destruction†¦show more content†¦By not creating laws—and by outlawing practices which made prostitution safer for sex workers, such as bawdy houses—the Canadian government presented the identity of the sex worker as being of low w orth and ultimately increased their vulnerability. In her examination of colonial concubines in Asia, Stoler explored what the role of concubine entailed for colonized women: such as being â€Å"guides to the language and mysteries of the foreign society† (116) for the European men. They were to treat their illnesses, and essentially meant to â€Å"[keep] them alive† (116). By constructing concubines as tools instead of people—to be used for medicine, socialization, sexual services, and whatever else the man needed—the colonizers depersonalized the indigenous women they so clearly required. They were in high demand—places with uneven sex ratios, such as North Sumatra, had â€Å"intense competition† for women, sometimes resulting in assaults (220)—and yet completely disregarded by the state as people with inner lives, friendships, families, and interests. In the context of the colonial period, which was based on hierarchies of race and superiority, it isn t surprising that the colonizers would proliferate this view of the indigenous women. Colonial power was based on the

Adventures of Huck Finn Free Essays

American society during the time when the book was written. The protagonist, Houck, goes through a significant development and changes his views about life different from what the society has taught him. Throughout the story, characterization of the society and how it works, progress In Husk’s relationship with Jim, and explanation why Houck respects certain individuals and why he is critical of some are evident. We will write a custom essay sample on Adventures of Huck Finn or any similar topic only for you Order Now The picture of Southern society that can be derived from the book is a society that sacks an effective government and full of violence. In chapter five, a Judge releases an order to give Husk’s custody to his father despite the father’s history of neglect and abuse. This makes public officials’ wisdom and morality questionable. In chapter eighteen of the book, it is revealed that there is a feud going on between the Grandiose and Sheepherders that has been going on for years and that multiple lives have been lost. In chapter twenty-two of the book, a mob charges to Shrubbery’s a house to lynch him for shooting a drunken man. It shows that there is a myriad of lenience but also a lack of rightful laws. People could execute someone accused of crimes without legal due process. This Is the kind of society Houck grew up In. The knowledge Houck gained from the society creates a conflict with the progress of his relationship with Jim. When Jim realizes that Houck is just pulling a trick on him saying that their separation due to a heavy fog is Just a dream, Jims feelings are hurt and Houck feels bad and apologizes. This is when Houck becomes aware that Jim cares about him and he cares about him too. Although when they think that they are close o Cairo, Husks conscience bothers him because he is actually letting Jim free which the society has taught him to be a wrong doing. Houck almost tells on Jim but decides to disregard morality. Their friendship grows stronger through series of events and eventually Houck decides that he would rather go to hell If It means following his gut and not the society cruel principles. Husk’s relationship with Jim changes from weak to strong and makes him change his views about life particularly sense of morality. Houck respects Tom Sawyer and Jim while he Is critical of the duke and the pippin. Houck utters in chapter thirty-four that if he had Tom Sawyers head, he would not trade it off for anything. In addition, in most of his adventures he thinks what Tom Sawyer would do. In regards to Jim, the more Houck finds out about Jim, like how much he cares about his family especially his children, the more he finds out how great of a person Jim is and the greater the admiration he has for him. On the other hand, the people that pretend to be the duke and the dauphin are the ones Houck dislikes and disapproves. This is evident when Houck gets the $6,000 in gold that he duke and dauphin scammed from Mary Jane and her sisters and tries to give it back. In chapter twenty-four, the duke and the dauphin make Houck â€Å"ashamed of the human race†. Houck looks up to people who mean no harm to others. The book contains a myriad of lessons and questions about different aspects of life. It also Informs the readers of what the American society used to be like, one of It being the noble goodness of a person derives from the purity of their ancestry. To be looked up to and liked. The book undoubtedly has some though-provoking subjects. How to cite Adventures of Huck Finn, Papers

My love of cooking Essay Example For Students

My love of cooking Essay I never told anyone how passionate I am about cooking. It wasn?t till I got older and began to travel that I realized the importance of food and culture. Before then I never took pleasure in the preparation of meals. The whole process of cooking was a nuisance. At family functions the women would be in the kitchen cooking, telling stories, and laughing. I would always watch from a far but never joined in for the fear of getting dirty, or causing an accident. I later conquered my fear and began to cook often. My family would get together every Sunday to eat, dance, and enjoy each others company. This specific day they were serving fresh fish. As I devoured the fish, I never stopped to think of the time it took to prepare it, where it came from, or how it came to be? I never thought a meal could give such insight into a people?s culture. Food is influenced by culture. The first time I realized this was when I traveled outside of Puerto Rico. My mother was working in a hotel and was invited to the grand opening of El Conquistador in Catalonia, Spain. It was a different world, a world that revolved around food. The people of Spain take simple pleasure in life. Everyday they take a ?Siesta?. Siesta is the Spanish word for nap. It is around noon, when the stores and restaurants start closing. The town becomes a desolate place. People head home to be with their families, and enjoy their lunch; afterwards they rest. They come back out in the evening. The streets become crowded again, couples stroll by, children run down the sidewalks, music travels from balconies down to the streets. Florescent lamps illuminate the town and the intoxicating smells of food invade your nostrils. It is now dinner time. Dinner time for Spaniards is usually around 9:00 pm. By then I was starving, I asked my friend and guide Laura, to order for us. I began to recognize some of the dishes being set at our table. The aroma brought back nostalgic memories of home. They were typical dishes we would have at our family parties in Puerto Rico. Somehow we crossed paths. We shared something in common. We both shared the same history. Millions of years ago we evolved, we learned how to hunt and gather. We created fire, and realized the impor tance of heating and preserving food. We nourished our bodies and brains and food became an essential part of survival. There were regions of the world with different climates. Foods that would flourish and grow in certain parts of the world did not exist in others. Explorers crossed oceans, found new land and conquered people. Years ago Puerto Rico was ?discovered? by Spanish Conquistadors. The island was inhabited by Native settlers when the Spaniards arrived. Cultures clashed and what is now Puerto Rico came to be. Spanish heritage has left an undeniable impression on the island and proof of its cultural exchange can be found in the local culinary styles. I now view cooking as a way of reconnecting with the past. I incorporate old traditional recipes and add new ingredients to create something new and unique. The process is what sustains my love for cuisine. The time and effort put into a meal, and the way it quickly disappears. The silence in a room filled with people who are too busy eating to talk. The consistency of things, that no matter where you are in the world it will always take twelve minutes to boil an egg. I now have a new sense of appreciation for cuisine. I love inviting friends and family dinner and enjoying delicious, home made meals together. The fruit of my labor is seeing the satisfying smiles on their faces and hearing them say things like ?Compliments to the chef!? I also realize the importance of preparing your own meals. You have complete control of the ingredients being used, and the finishing product. .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .postImageUrl , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:hover , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:visited , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:active { border:0!important; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:active , .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1 .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaecb6d8ccaf5712f733984090941c4b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: WW II EssayThere are many benefits to learning how to cook. It is a lot more economical to buy your own food at the grocery store then to go to a restaurant every night. Often times in restaurants menus describe the meal but leave out important facts like calories, and fat. When people cook they have more knowledge of what they are consuming. Food today has all kinds of pesticides and hormones. Cooking gives you the option of choosing. You can choose to purchase meat with no hormone additives, fruits with no pesticides, and foods with any high fructose syrup. These chemicals have been linked to such disease as cancer, and diabetes. Jean Anthelme once said ?Tell me what you eat, and ill tell you who you are?. Does not caring about what you eat say something about yourself? And if it did give an insight of who you are, would it be looked at as negative or positive? These questions I can not answer, but I can tell you one of my favorite parts of life. The way we have to stop whatever it is we are doing, and devote our full attention to eating. Cooking has brought me great joys. It?s a way of keeping tradition alive. Every recipe is an ode to those who have created it; creating one your self gives a sense of achievement. It?s something you can share with your family, and pass down to those who live on after you. As a child I did not see the importance in cooking. As an adult, who will someday have children of my own, I do.

11 Tips for Editing Your Own Writing (Plus a Checklist)

Good editing can transform a mediocre piece of content into something great. It’s one of the most important aspects of the writing process, but a surprising number of writers underestimate its value. The Importance of Self-Editing Becoming a good editor of your own work takes time and practice, but it’s worth it. You’ll learn how to improve the structure and style of your writing, communicate more clearly and eliminate grammatical errors. Companies want copy that reflects well on their business, provides value to their readers and drives sales, so well-edited content will also look more attractive to content buyers. Are you ready to become a better editor? You may not have access to a professional editor, but you can use the following tips to help you edit your own writing more effectively. 1. Read Your Writing in a New Format If you typed it, print it out. Alternatively, convert your Word document to PDF format, or change your text to a different font, color, and size. These techniques will help you see your content from an â€Å"outsider’s† perspective and give you a more critical eye. 2. Take a Break Let your writing rest for a few hours or overnight. Putting a literal distance between you and your work also creates an emotional distance. When you return to it, you’re more likely to spot awkward phrases and obvious mistakes. 3. Read it Out Loud To discover the rhythm of your writing, read it out loud. The best writing sounds smooth, so if you find yourself stammering through poorly worded sentences, you know it needs improving. 4. Remove Uncertain Language Good communication sounds authoritative, so avoid wishy-washy sentences. If you use phrases like â€Å"seems to be† or â€Å"could be a reason for,† you sound indecisive and it weakens your message. 5. Avoid Repetitive Phrases Try not to rely on certain words or phrases to make your point; readers will notice when you repeat yourself. Aim for variety. Use a word frequency counter to find repetitive words and scan a thesaurus to find alternatives. 6. Eliminate Filler Words Use your word processor’s find functionality to search for â€Å"there,† â€Å"here,† and â€Å"it† to find redundant words and phrases. For example: It’s fun to edit your own writing. The sentence formation weakens the writing with unnecessary words that lack focus. This is more effective: Editing your own writing is fun. 7. Remove Weak â€Å"To Be† Verbs Using versions of the verb â€Å"to be† can weaken the words that follow. Replace â€Å"am,† â€Å"is,† â€Å"are,† â€Å"was,† â€Å"were,† â€Å"been,† and â€Å"being† with stronger alternatives. For example: Weak sentence: They were not enjoying the editing process. Strong sentence: They hated the editing process. Stronger sentence: The editing process repulsed them. 8. Remove Weak Adjectives Weak adjectives also spoil your writing. When describing nouns and pronouns, use more powerful adjectives and avoid the words â€Å"really† or â€Å"very.† Weak sentence: He was really scared of snakes. Strong sentence: He was terrified of snakes. Stronger sentence: Snakes terrified him. 9. Use Grammarly to Find Mistakes The Grammarly proofreading tool looks at spelling and grammar mistakes and checks more than 250 advanced rules to find mistakes such as double negatives, run-on sentences, and dangling modifiers. After you’ve used Grammarly a few times, you’ll start to see common weaknesses in your writing. 10. Subscribe to The Chicago Manual of Style Online The well-known writing guide to style, usage, and grammar is now accessible online. If you write for a living, consider paying for an annual subscription. It’s currently $39, but with advice covering every aspect of the mechanics of writing, you’re investing in your future as a writer. 11. Separate Your Editing Tasks If the thought of editing your own work terrifies you, break down the tasks into a series of manageable steps. In the first read-through, check your ideas flow logically. In the next read-through, look at sentence structure, and so on. Related: 25 Tips for Editing Your First Draft An editing checklist will help you clean up your writing and spot common mistakes. Here’s an example of a basic checklist to get you started: The big-picture edit: Do you have a strong introduction that hooks the reader? Does the content flow logically? Does the ending sum up your main points and include a call to action? The second edit: Are there any sections where you repeat your ideas? Does each paragraph contain just one topic? Are big chunks of text broken up with subheadings and paragraph breaks? Do you use data, statistics, and quotations to back up our points? The third edit: Do sentences vary in length? Is all spelling and punctuation correct? Can you replace weak verbs and adjectives with stronger ones? Do you use the passive voice? Your editing checklist should be tailored to your strengths and weaknesses, and you can adapt it over time to your particular needs as a writer. Become a Better Editor Self-editing is a key part of the writing process. It can transform average content into great content that people love to read. As you become more aware of your writing strengths and weaknesses, your editing skills will also improve. Use these editing tips for your next writing project. Your content will be more enjoyable to read, have more impact on readers, and you’ll increase your marketability as a writer.

Andre Dubus, Killings Essays

Andre Dubus, Killings Essays Andre Dubus, Killings Paper Andre Dubus, Killings Paper Killings by Andre Dubus Killings is a serrated look into the once placid life of Matt Fowler. Told in third person limited omniscient view, we learn that Matt had always been a fearful father, standing by, looking calm and collected all the while anxiously waiting to catch them should they fall and always holding back his tongue. When his youngest is murdered by the estranged husband of his lover, he is brutally confronted with the reality of all the sufferings he had desperately long to prevent. And he felt that all the fears he had borne while they were growing up, and all the rife he had been afraid of, had backed up like a huge wave and struck him on the beach and swept him out to sea(112). Now he must own those fears, the reality is too big to ignore and no longer able to be contained like his hands in his pockets. He does not have to suffer through the same as his wife who seems to be constantly running into her sons killer but Just the knowledge Richard Strut is out on bail, waiting for the trial tha t will certainly convict him but there is no punishment worthy of trade. Enter the static character of Willis Trotter, the former Marine with a gun permit, an oblivious wife and apparently a workable plan. Dubs doesnt tell us that he was the mastermind behind the second killing but its there Just the same. Willis has a fermented anger towards Richard Strut. l hate him, Matt. My boys went to school with him. He was the same then. (112) He had likely spent a great many hours contriving versions of Cutouts demise and this, his friends festering wound, provided a once in a lifetime opportunity to carry through his own vengeance. The plan was simple and precise, every detail worked out, every possibility, from every conceivable angle, and from Trotters vantage, never reaching back to him. Remember that woman about seven years ago? Shot her husband And said all the way through it that nobody helped her And whoever helped her, where the Hell is he(112)? Why bring up the person who helped the woman from seven years ago? The point wasnt that someone had helped her, it was that she only did a few years and was back living a normal life In Lawrence now, a secretary(112). There was no question that Richard had acted alone. There were three witnesses to the murder and for all we know he made a full confession when they brought him in. Willis was trying to tap into that iniquitousness and he was successful but why were his Houghton on the one who got away Scott free? Why should that have ever crossed his mind. Perhaps he has been down this twisted path before? The plan was so perfect that in the event Richard Strut was discovered murdered, all evidence would point to Fowler. And a good friend would of course claim he had no help. Would deny he had help all along. He doesnt need to worry about Mats wife Ruth who likely knows what her husband is heading out to that night and because Ruth would shoot him herself, if she thought she could hit him(112). Besides, she would never have to satisfy against her husband and thus have no reason to mention his name. Willis is never going to be the one to pull the trigger. Hes not going to risk being seen at Cutouts duplex. They had planned that too, had decided it was best for Just the one him of what this man did to his son to keep his motivation up. Hell clean up the mess, remove trace evidence, destroy the trail. He wont touch the car or the murder weapon. His hands are effectively clean. So whos plan was it really? Did Matt Fowler have the soul to construct a plan of such exactitude? Did his conscience allow him to wander far down that road? No. He was afraid he could not be alone with Strut for very long, smell his smells, feel the presence of his flesh, hear his voice and then shoot him(116). It was not even in him to terrorize Richard in the minutes leading up to his death so he modified the plan to give the man some hope until the end. Even his name, Matt Fowler denotes nothing dark and sinister, nothing culpable. Unassuming, bordering on self-effacing; a soft, sensitive father and husband with no repugnance for being so and doubtfully no coin cidence Dubs gave him a name one letter off from flower. Surely he could have sat at his friends ar drinking Scotch and Soda and kicked around some ideas, possibly even developed a plausible scenario, Who hasnt entertained dubious acts of revenge against those who have hurt us at the most primal level? But it was Willis that wanted to see the plan to fruition. Matt Fowler got caught up in the fantasy that it would erase the pain. If not for Willis Trotter there would be no story. Certainly no Killers. Trotter is the catalyst responsible for transforming idle daydreams into unambiguous plans with tangible results. He is also the only one to remain unaffected by the outcome of this decision.

Daniel Boone and Kit Carson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Daniel Boone and Kit Carson - Essay Example From a relationships point of view, both Daniel Boone and Kit Carson had a rocky relationship with the natives, always getting in war with the American Indians. Boone for instance gives various accounts of his escapades with the Indians who once captured him and later killed his brother and tried to kill him. Carson made numerous expeditions which made him more experienced and skilled in the trade and also earned him problems with the natives. He was a general of war during the Mexican-American war where many American Indians were killed, and their land confiscated. These two frontiersmen had to contend with unhappy natives who were not happy with the new people acquiring their land. However, while both of them had problems with the natives, they had differing attitudes towards the natives.Ironically, despite the bad relationship with the local natives who were a risk to his life, Boone seemed to have a better attitude towards the local natives (Early America chapter 3). He sure had bad times with them, but from his text, the reader cannot detect any contempt for the natives. His writing of the American Indians is just descriptions of the events which took place. He gives an account of the various wars and battles that were fought between him and the Indians or between the Indians and other frontiers. In giving his account of the time he was in captivity with the Indians, he never seems to show any contempt. In fact, booms own problem with the other settlers was his increased.... His writing of the American Indians is just descriptions of the events which took place. He gives an account of the various wars and battles that were fought between him and the Indians or between the Indians and other frontiers. In giving his account of the time he was in captivity with the Indians, he never seems to show any contempt. In fact, booms own problem with the other settlers was his increased honest and his expectations that they would also be honest too, leading to him being cheated (Bakeless 342). During this time when he was in captivity, his wife thought him dead because she did not believe that the natives could have kept him alive. Yet, Boone came out of captivity alive and well, and managed to resettle his family again in the Kentucky region at a time and place where there were continual infighting between the natives and the settler frontiers who in the Maryland, Kentucky and Miami (great Miami) regions. While Boones account indicates a positive attitude towards t he natives despite the rocky relationship with the natives, the same cannot be said of Carson who actually helped other settler armies in fighting the local natives. Carson was involved in a number of wars where natives were massively killed, displaced from their native land and other crimes committed against them (Boraas 15). He seemed to pledge allegiance to the union. Basically, he was more of a military guy, than he was a settler. His military wrecked havoc wherever he went and participated on war. He did not have mercy towards the local natives and never hesitated on going to fights with these local natives. This was very unlike Boone, who beneath his conflicts with the natives always seemed to understand that the

Meeting the need for large family homes in mixed tenure estates with Essay

Meeting the need for large family homes in mixed tenure estates with little equity and poor quality existing housing - Essay Example ew of this need, there is a greater challenge in meeting the need for large family homes in mixed tenure estates with little equity and poor quality existing housing. The Council has a plan of developing up to 365,600 houses by 2026 to address this problem having studied the current need and the population growth rate. In 2007, the UK government issued a policy statement on â€Å"Building a Greener Future† which envisioned the construction of zero carbon homes from 2016. The approach to zero carbon homes is based on the following key points: high energy efficiency, direct heat connection or minimal carbon reduction onsite and offsite solutions for countering other emissions. Birmingham City Council’s policy on housing regeneration and development finds its roots upon this reality. This calls for the development of housing plans that will ensure minimal environmental degradation. Buildings, according to government surveys, are responsible for up to 50% of UK’s carbon emissions and energy consumption with homes currently accounting for 27%. From these figures, it is beyond doubt that homes contribute significantly to global climate change. Energy consumption and carbon emission levels can significantly be reduced by making improvements to energy performance and utilisation in homes. This can also be reduced by installing efficient certified air conditioning systems in homes which should be regularly inspected to ensure they meet regulatory requirements. Heating water in tanks is known to greatly increase the amount of energy used in homes. Water heaters installed in homes should be instant (tankless) heaters as opposed to traditional heaters which have tanks. In general, families need to have awareness of how to use energy efficiently and by installing equipments which have automated control systems. During construction, design, and installation considerations must be taken into account. Only efficient models of heating equipments and energy consuming

Organisational Effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organisational Effectiveness - Essay Example It can be said that effectiveness translates into productivity where its absence can be projected in failure like, employee absenteeism and turnover, conflicts, performance instability and communication breakdown (Kaplan & Norton, 1996). Organizations that enjoy the benefits of effective organization for instance display features such as maximized output, lowered costs and advancement and excellence in technology. There are several methods of assessment techniques that can be adopted to determine the level of effectiveness that an organization is operating at. The varied methods can be as many as there are researchers in this field. Used at different times of necessity, the approaches target a different point of view on the organization (Cameron & Whetten, 1983). A few of these approaches are discussed in the paragraph below. When goal approach is adopted, the management attaches critical importance to the output or results that are achieved at the end of operational timeline (NCCI, 2007). The achieved output level is a measure of effectiveness in a proportionate relationship. Assessment could also be done using internal process approach where favourable results are deemed to emanate from the vital processes that are used to make transformations on input to achieve goals. Features of management such as coordination as well as employee welfare are given the centre stage in this approach. Ideally, output is the result of management and organization that is used to transform input towards achievement of goals. Alternatively, the system resource approach puts much emphasis on the acquisition capability of raw materials and other important resources from the environment that the organization has (NCCI, 2007). Effectiveness is attached to the efficiency of the first stage of operation which involves input. Con stituency approach is the other

Analysis Of Bohemian Rhapsody Music Essay

Analysis Of Bohemian Rhapsody Music Essay Bohemian Rhapsody was recorded by the British rock band queen. Released in October 31, 1975, Bohemian Rhapsody was greeted like a miracle from heaven in the largely barren musical ground of the mid-Seventies. At the time it was produced like most expensive single. Brian May thought of that the tracks main album A night At The Opera as their Sgt Pepper. It was the first time that an opera passage had been combined with a pop record and reached number one place. The song obviously has a very unusual structure and the operatic section was planned to be a lot shorter, but when they got to the studio they decided to make it bigger. The song was recorded at the Roundhouse studios, located in Wales in particular the Rockfield studio 1. Freddie Mercury is the writer of the song also keyboard player and a lead vocalist in the band. He wrote the song in his flat while he was trying to develop a complex song, which would consist of more than three sections. Using a structure that leans towards a more classical approach, which was in contrast to the contemporary-pop form at that time. According to Brian May most of the song was written in a studio environment, but the rest of the band claim that Freddie had everything in his head before that. Interestingly enough the song hasnt got a chorus, but just a complex layer of verses and main parts including a ballad verse, an operatic passage, a heavy rock solo and a classical outro. Queens prowess at layered vocal harmonies, dominated by Mercurys soaring operatics, was second to none, while Brian Mays multitracked guitar orchestrations were arguably the most creative contributions to the instrument since Jimi Hendrix. In the studio the band embraced the innovative breakthroughs laid down during the psychedelic and progressive eras, and took them to another plain. While they relied on but a simple instrumental line-up of Guitar, Bass, Piano and Drums, they played them like they were new inventions and in doing so, delivered a genuinely new, epic slant on rock. Launched into the age of glitter, it was no surprise when Queens flamboyance earned them a glam rocker tag. Although studio technology played a vital part in the stunning results, what must not be overlooked is the natural tone of Mays homemade guitar, his vibrato technique and the use at all times of a silver sixpence in place of a pick. Brians great strength was in phrasing a part and then double-tracking or harmonizing very accurately. The title of the song has a powerful rock ideology the word Bohemian could be traced to the practice of an unorthodox lifestyle. That could be associated with like-minded people having musical and artistic or qualities. A rhapsody can be described as music in a one-movement work that is episodic yet integrated, free-flowing in structure, featuring a range of highly contrasted moods, colour and tonality. A burst of sudden inspiration and a sense of improvisation make it freer in form than a set of variations Bohemian rhapsody was the biggest success in radio and charts for queen. They achieved that with introduction of a video clip to the song that was broadcasted heavily on radio and television. It was strongly influenced by the media hype they created with their experiments previous albums. The public expected to hear such an experimental approach. Queen had a previous attempt in a similar form that was used in the song the The march of the black queen which didnt reach the success of Bohemian Rhapsody.The band wanted to become famous with that kind of song and they achieved it, because of their musical geniuses. They band had some attempts to reach popularity with similar songs in structure and form. But they didnt receive the deserved media attention. Freddie needed to write something like that for a long time. With the high standard of contemporary and classical mix of genres bohemian rhapsody clearly represents the album Night at the opera and still is one of the most epical contemporary albums nowadays. The recording process took three weeks, and the song was changed many times until the final piece was produced. The classical genre of opera has invaded nearly all aspects of popular culture. Especially one essential sphere of popular culture that has remained relatively immune to operatic influence is rock music. Even when hearing the song for first time and you didnt know who are queen, the operatic influence and form in the whole album are clearly distinguishable. They are combined in symbiosis with their progressive and experimental hard-rock genre from their previous albums to create something unique that was never heard before on this scale with that kind of success. The song consists of six sections: introduction, ballad, guitar solo, opera, hard rock, and outro. This format, with abrupt changes in style, tone, and tempo, was unusual to rock music. Intro part (0:00-0:48) The song begins with a cappella multitrack layered vocals. The tonal centre of this part is in B flat, Although the music video shows that the whole band is singing at the beginning, Fredie recorded it by himself. The lyrics are questioning if this is the real life or a fantasy, almost like hes dreaming not really aware of whats going on. And then he goes open your eyes look up to the skies and see. It means to free yourself and realize. When he says Im just a poor boy hes speaking in first person you can feel the tragic character on his voice. The melody of the voice, doesnt fully represent the true tones sung by Freddie FIG 1 Analysis of the first part. Chord functions In the first bar the song begins with a B flat six chord. Then there is a Cmaj7 which alternates with Bflat6. In the third bar theres Fmaj7 and Cm7 emphasizing on a dominant function with the fa in octaves at fifth time, which resolves in B flat alternating with CM7. FIG2 FIG2 , second bar Gm which is the parallel minor of B flat. Bflat, acts as a III mediant and then goes to the other mediant on VI function FIG3 second bar goes to Cm and then to the subdominant IV Fmaj and on forth time modulates to Bmaj (FIG4) the harmony moves chromatically through Bflatmaj and A for the first two bars resolving to Bflatmaj and in the fourth bar eventually goes to IV subdominant Eflatmaj moving through Bflat with a third in the bass. FIG5 First bar diminished C# which acts as a subdominant moves to the dominant with a fifth in the bass Fmaj following a classical cadence that resolves to Bflat on the third bar. The harmony is in arpeggio, with octaves on G and F, which could be interpreted as a sixth chord Bflat6 Ballad (0:49-2:37) FIG6 This part of the song is repeated twice in a verse. Everything is the same except for the lyrics. Second bar goes to the VI mediant Gminor moving through II Cm and stays there until the third time, first bar on figure6 when it goes to the dominant F. The movement, I > VI > II > V can be characterized as a chain of fifths root-motion. The arrangement is quite bare in the first verse. Theres piano and bass played, but no guitars or backing vocals. The introduction of drums is retained until the beginning of the second verse, entering along with the double tracked rhythm guitars. FIG7 Following the verse sequence the same passage Bflat->Gminor FIG8 And heres an interesting alternated cadence which changes the whole structure of the verse with Cm7 that passes through augmented B and reaches stability in the subdominant Eflatmaj-5 that leads to the dominant Fmaj-3bass and the semitone movement in the bass on third time changes the function to minor and the G predisposes to Eflatmaj-> Bflatmaj-3. The similarity between the two parts of the section is easily distinguishable. The first has a more straight-ahead progression, but the second one is a variant. FIG9 C minor -> F minor -> Bflatmaj that act as a dominant to Eflatmaj, The transition of a key shifting doesnt seem that obvious, partially using a modulation that is executed smoothly and its difficult to detect. On the other hand, the tonal center of the part steps along the new key. FIG10 First volta begins with the tonal centre of Eflatmaj which moves to dominant V Bflatmaj and then to the VI mediant Cminor moving through a minor subdominant Amflat. This function suggests of a melodic major scale with flattened VI and VII, which resolves to Eflatmaj. And the same sequence repeated with a Eflat diminished -> Fminor7 to leads the harmony to the second verse in this part with two bars in Bflatmaj. FIG11 Second volta is entirely a guitar solo that leads to the next part of the song. Chord functions: First bar Eflatmaj-> third beat Bflatmaj-3 > second bar Cminor and third bar Fminor. Guitar solo (2:37-3:03) The band builds up intensity that reaches the peak and culmination in this part. (figure) First bar Bflat7 -> second bar Eflatmaj -> third beat Gminor-5, fourth bar is in Cminor, fifth bar in Fminor, sixth bar is moves through Dflatmaj, dflatmaj with c in bass and Bflat minor. Brian recorded his own version of Freddies melody instead copying it. FIG12 The solo is in a mixolydian scale, because the scales from Bflat to Bflat have an A flat alteration a flattened seventh that is necessary for the eflatmaj. The harmony in the last bar of the solo changes chromatically as it the key changes to A, which is is a drastical change. The operatic segment enters immediately as Mays solo abruptly concludes Opera (3:03-4:08) FIG13 The choir effect was created by having May, Mercury, and Taylor sing their vocal parts continually for ten to twelve hours a day. Multi track layered vocals that mimic a wall of sound can be heard throughout this part. According to Roger Taylor they had sufficient vocal qualities to accomplish that. Freddie was good in the middle of the range, Brian had a powerful low voice and Taylor was singing the highest tones. They have used a 24track tape machine to record all these parts in a three weeks period. This part of the song is strongly operatic. It hasnt got a clear measurement and even thou it begins in Amajor with clear chromatic pattern that goes D major, A major, A diminished, and back to A major that is repeated twice and then continues with the subdominant move FIG13 D major, A major, D major, A major, A diminished, A major, D major, A major. On thunderbolts it shifts to Dflatmajor with aflat in the bass, Aflatmajor followed by a Cmajor with fifth in bass and Emajor that suggests a very classical culmination of the phrase rarely used in rock music. Many of the lyrics in this part are phrases of the Quran. The word Scaramouch means A stock character that appears as a boastful coward. FIG14 Fig cannot be characterized with a tonal centre Freddie and Taylor are repeating a chromatic phrase in octaves, which resolves in another wall of layered vocals. The word Galileo was used for Brian May who was interested astronomy and Galileo Galilei was a famous scientist. Magnifico means magnificent in Italian. FIG15 At the second bar and then it returns to the previos pattern of chromatic melody accompanied by rapid changes in harmony as it follows from the third bar Bmaj, Bflatmaj, Amajor, Bflatmaj FIG16 The same chord sequence as in the previous bar is repeated. On the second bar in the chorus section the harmony progression changes to: Aflatmaj, Eflatmaj, Eflat diminished, and goes the back to Eflatmaj, which seems to be the same chord sequence as in used in the beginning of the operatic part, Dmaj, Amaj, Adiminished, Amaj therefore the tonal centre should be Eflatmaj. The whole sequence repeated once again in the third bar. FIG17 Aflatmaj and Eflat in the first bar resolve to Fmaj and Bflatmaj accompanied with the melody. At the third bar theres an intro to the solo part of narrator whos negotiating for his life continues in a chromatic movement: Aflatmaj, Eflatmaj-3, Fsharp diminished and Fminor-7. The absence of minor chords is quite drastic, but not unexpected for acapela passage. FIG18 The first two bars follow the harmonic sequence Bmaj, Bflatmaj, Amaj, Bflat this movement is chromatic in semitones gradually reaching the dominant Bflat and resolves in Eflat at the third bar. Bismillah is one of those words taken from the Quran and it literally means In the name of Allah. In this part clearly the narrator is struggling to save his life, but the judges are not going to let him go. The whole message is repeated once again. FIG19 On the phrase will not let you go theres a strong accent as if its been chopped to impose an authority expression. Also taylor plays on the floor tom in quavers as if hes banging the judges hammer. The lyrical phrase let him go is in Eflatmaj and suggests that someone is also pleading for his innocence. We will not let you go is in Bflat emphasizing on a dominant function. FIG20 The whole harmonic sequence is repeated once again to dramatize the struggle and negotiation, until it reaches another layered wall of vocals. FIG20 In the second bar the harmony changes to Gflat7. On the pharese No no no theres a chord progression Bminor, Amajor, Dmajor, Dflatmajor, Gflatmaj FIG21 , Bflatmaj dominant chord and resolving in Eflatmaj. With the narrator in solo, whos moaning and whining with the phrase mama mia. Bflat on let me go resolving to- FIG22 Eflatmaj, Aflatmaj,and Dmajor, Gminor in the second bar moving towards Bflat on the third and staying on a dominant chord for the next four bars. FIG23 And changing the pulsation to triplets until finally resolving to Eflatmajor Hard rock (4:08-4:55) This part begins with a solo intro performed by May that ends in Fminor. It has a rather aggressive and angry approach compared to the dramatic previous part. FIG24 The harmony on the verse follows the chord sequence: Bflat7, Eflat7-5, Bflatmaj, Eflat Fig25 Bflat in the first bar and then a pause of 2 beats for the voice in Dflat Brian plays on it. The verse sequence repeats, but FIG26 On the phrase die goes to Aflatmaj, Fminor and Bflatmaj on Oh baby and then again Fminor on cant do this to me baby FIG27 Bflatmaj followed by Fminor with a seventh this time. The sequence is repeated twice until reaching FIG28 Eflatmajor in the first bar followed by an instrumental solo, gradually slowing down and decreasing the velocity. Outro (4:55-5:55) The song returns to the pace and form of the intro part. The guitar is playing along with the vocals Ooh ahh. Theres a second guitar melody played as a second voice that was recorded with a different amp. Lyric wise the phrase Nothing really matters appears again from the beginning of the song and is accompanied by an arpegiated piano that is suggesting a resignation and dramatic images with the usage of minor chords. At the very end of the song theres a sound of a big gong that is emphasizing on the completeness of the whole song structure. Roy Thomas Baker recorded the song using just a single microphone on the snare, U67 or U87 on the toms and overheads. An AKG D12 was used on the bass drum. John Taylors bass was recorded via direct input into the desk. They have also recorded the bass with a cabinet to pick up the air movement with Electrovoice 666 and Neuman U67. Freddies piano was miked up using two Neuman U67 in a stereo pair and a shure vocal microphone for his voice. Brian may used Vox AC30 amp (backless) they also set up some microphones behind the amp and near the wall to capture some ambience and the full spectrum of the guitar sound. While the first three albums had been made using a 16-track equipment, Bohemian Rhapsody benefitted from the 24 track technology. Harmonic analysis referenced to a simple score of the piece provided by lecturer.

Comparing Roosevelts New Deal and Laura Ingalls Wilder Little House on the Prairie :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Comparing Roosevelt's New Deal and Laura Ingalls Wilder Little House on the Prairie Books Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote many books during her time. She is best known for her Little House on the Prairie books, which were written in the 1930's during the great depression. I will contrast Roosevelt's New Deal with Laura Ingalls Wilder Little House on the Prairie books. The comparison between these two is the fact of how the Little House on the Prairie books did not depend on the government and Roosevelt's New Deal plan and how Laura and her family lived life with little to no help from the government. To start off I am going to give you a brief background on what caused the great depression and how the New Deal came about. The great depression came about for many different reasons. Some of these reasons are due to the stock market crash of 1929. Most people think that this is what started the great depression but actually it was only part of it. The upper and lower classes played a big role on wages for what was paid between the two different classes. Because of this wage difference it had an impact on the banking system. Also America became know as a credit nation vs. a debtor nation. Which meant that the United States was owed more money by other countries and the United States owed. Another problem that the United States was having is that the whole dollar vs. gold. During the 1930's the United States was still on a gold value system where paper money had no value. With all of these factors and the stock market crash of 1929 was just the final straw that broke the camels back as the saying goes. With the depression going and 1 out of every 4 people not having a job, the country was in serious troub le. Franklin D. Roosevelt came up with the New Deal. The New Deal was also known as Works Progress Administration (WPA). The program put 8,500,000 of Americans back to work. The work consisted of everything from building public parks and a writers program to paying farmers not to plant crops. This is the part of the New Deal that I will be addressing. The Agricultural Adjustment Act also known as AAA. The AAA act came about to stabilize prices and overproduction on farm products such as cotton, wheat, corn, rice, tobacco, hogs and milk.

Gandhi’s Contribution to World War I Essay

Why? 1)He had begun to approve of the idea of home rule, but he had no interest in exchanging government by British elite for rule by an Anglicized Indian elite. If swaraj was to come to India, he argued, it must come as part of a wholesale social transformation that stripped away the old burdens of caste and crippling poverty. 2)Gandhi had said – â€Å"I felt then that it was more the fault of individual officials than of the British system, and that we could convert them by love. If we would improve our status through the help and cooperation of the British, it was our duty to win their help by standing by them in their hour of need.† 3)He had been almost alone among Indian leaders who had argued for unconditional support to Britain in her hour of need in the hope of a worthy gesture at the end of the war. 4)The issue in Champaran involved European traders forcing illegal dues and payments upon the peasants; Ahmedabad’s problem was centred on the unfair treatment of industrial workers; and the predicament in Kheda was caused by the government ignoring the farmers’ appeals for the remission of land revenue. Gandhi solved each dilemma using unique, yet effective methods which gained him the respect and commitment of many political workers. These events depict the growing unrest in India very clearly. India was itching to fight for independence, which would be a very bloody battle indeed. Gandhi, therefore, decided to support the British Empire in the war, hoping that in return, India would gain independence. What? 1)In April 1918, during the latter part of World War I, the Viceroy invited Gandhi to a War Conference in Delhi. Gandhi agreed to actively recruit Indians for the war effort.[43] In contrast to the Zulu War of 1906 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, when he recruited volunteers for the Ambulance Corps, this time Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants. In a June 1918 leaflet entitled â€Å"Appeal for Enlistment†, Gandhi wrote â€Å"To bring about such a state of things we should have the ability to defend ourselves, that is, the ability to bear arms and to use them†¦If we want to learn the use of arms with the greatest possible dispatch, it is our duty to enlist ourselves in the army.† 2)Early in 1918, the war seemed to be going badly for the Allies; a German thrust was expected on the western front, and the Viceroy summoned prominent leaders of Indian opinion to a War Conference in Delhi. Gandhi supported the resolution on recruitment with a single sentence in Hindi: â€Å"With a full sense of my responsibility, I beg to support the resolution.† 3)When World War I broke out, Gandhi was on the high seas, he was homeward bound, though he hoped to spend a few weeks in England. On August 6, 1914, he landed on English soil and lost no time in calling a meeting of his Indian friends to raise an ambulance unit Public opinion 1)Gandhi did not favour a bargain with the government by offering cooperation at a price and said: â€Å"That we have been loyal at a time of stress is no test of fitness for swaraj (self-government). Loyalty is no merit. It is a necessity of citizenship all the world over.† 2)During the years 1916-18, Gandhi did not take active part in politics. The Moderates did not like his extra-constitutional methods of Satyagraha, the Extremists did not like his studied tenderness to the British Government during the war Consequence And having fought a war whose supposed purpose was to protect the rights of small states and independent peoples from tyranny, the rhetoric of British rule in India had begun to ring hollow 1)In this atmosphere, the harried British government made a frightful mistake. They elected to follow the recommendations of the Rowlatt Committee, which advocated the retention of wartime restrictions in India–including curfews and the suppression of free speech. Gandhi, reading the soon-to-be-passed Rowlatt Act in his sickbed, was too weak to mount a protest, but his loyalty to the Empire, which he had long viewed as the guarantor of Indian liberties, suffered a major blow. 2)Gandhi learned through the Sedition Committee Report that the government of India was going to introduce legislation to curb civil liberties. All of the Indian soldiers lost their lives in vain because the British Empire had absolutely no plans to give India its freedom. 3)Heartbroken, India grew more and more restless. When General Dryer heartlessly slaughtered 379 people at Jallianwala Bagh, the country could take no more. Awhile later, Gandhi launched a nation-wide struggle. And finally, on August 15th, 1947, India finally won its independence. 1)Charlie Andrews confirms, â€Å"Personally I have never been able to reconcile this with his own conduct in other respects, and it is one of the points where I have found myself in painful disagreement.†[46] Gandhi’s private secretary also had acknowledged that â€Å"The question of the consistency between his creed of ‘Ahimsa’` (non-violence) and his recruiting campaign was raised not only then but has been discussed ever since. 2)They wondered, could the apostle of peace ask them to take up arms in defense of the Raj? About 1.3 million Indian soldiers fought in the war. 47, 746 soldiers died and 65, 126 were wounded from the Indian army. This doesn’t seem like something Gandhi would want, right? Many people wonder why Gandhi wanted Indians to fight, since he always strictly adhered to non-violence. His support for India’s involvement in World War One causes us to question his consistency and perhaps even his belief in ahimsa. 3)He did, however, stipulate in a letter to the Viceroy’s private secretary that he â€Å"personally will not kill or injure anybody, friend or foe

Analysis of Report to Wordsworth

Report to Wordsworth, a poem by Boey Kim Cheng, is one that speaks of the path of destruction through nature that man is leaving behind him. I personally find the poem powerful and extremely convincing, in the sense that it manages to challenge the reader very objectively. ‘You should be here, Nature has need of you’ involves the reader directly, and the use of a Capital letter personifies nature in such a way it makes one feel her pain. The following lines are significantly symbolic, as the words ‘sky slowing’ can be interpreted as the world itself turning much slower than before, the life and vibrancy leaking out of it. The reference to a ‘dying clock’ may make the reader believe that nature has very limited time remaining and that death is at its doorstep. ‘Smothered by the smog’, this line refers directly to, I believe, the harmful smoke and gases that spoil our air, literally smothering us. This description has the impressive effect of creating a feeling of suffocation, accurately reflecting the idea that is trying to be communicated. References to the great ancient Greek gods of the seas, Proteus and Triton create an incredible effect, notably the one that depicts two of the most powerful beings in existence struggling and suffering at the hands of man. ‘All hopes of Proteus rising from the sea have sunk’, this direct allusion to the tons of pollution man creates is particularly strong as it sends a message along the lines: our oceans are so polluted even the sea god is forced away. Triton’s notes struggle to be free†¦horns are choked, his eyes are dazed’ The idea of man being able to cause such suffering to the gods themselves emphasises all the more the idea of them causing massive destruction to nature. ‘Neptune lies helpless as a beach whale, while insatiate man moves in for the kill’; the adjective ‘insatiate’ depicts man as being merciless and cruel. The following lines may be interpreted from the point of view of poets, who often sit and write of what they see around them, watching the ocean, or wide fields of green countryside. They are now failing as these things that were once so beautiful are slowly being destroyed. Cheng here presents an interesting image, notably that of a ‘wound widening in the sky’, which personally makes me think of our ozone layer getting worn away by pollution, leaving the world at mercy. There is also here a discreet allusion to the poem Composed upon Westminster Bridge, the poem by William Wordsworth (Cheng’s poem is a response to this particular piece of work). God is labouring to utter his last cry’ is, I find, the perfect ending to the poem, as it once again alludes to God himself struggling against what man has caused to the world. The poem’s tone is considerably morose, along with a rhythm that I would compare to a funeral march. The atmosphere is quite deep and the voice could be that of surrender, as the poet does not indicate any possibility of mankind being capable of turning this situation around. I feel that this poem can be morally challenging and is very successful in making us understand the gravity of the world’s condition.

Developing a Global Leadership

Developing a Global Leadership With ever increasing globalization and change in business environment, leaders will be challenged to manage relationships more than in the past. This will include the ability to interact effectively with diversity of partners and other businesses and within the larger context of differing cultures. This will truly require global leaders. As Allen J Morrison has discussed in his paper, the changing global environment is likely to continue to stimulate the transformation and revitalization of not only business institutions but also that of leadership styles and approaches. Small as well as large corporations recognize they will have to change in order to compete in the global marketplace. Such transformations require a new set of leadership skills and a good working definition of leadership.Globalization is not a new phenomenon or a new trend. Globalization has become a common trend among organizations in a fight for survival and to expand markets across the globe.Kelvin discusses rese arch ethics during trainingWith this comes a new challenge that is needed to handle globalization. One of the most prominent challenges is to find a leadership style or model that suits your globalization strategy. Global leadership was given more importance post the 1950's. Until before that it was looked up oddly when people spoke of international business. The human resource would look at developing only competencies that suit domestic business. While those who were looking for opportunities abroad were left to fend for themselves and develop competencies that were needed to survive overseas.The article reviews articles from three separate literature streams namely, domestic leadership literature, contingency theory and global strategy literature, and cross-cultural management literature. Literature for domestic leadership has plenty of contributions from the olden days as well as contributions from notable personalities such as Aristotle, Descartes, Confucius, and Machiavelli. O ne area which has limited contributions is the systematic...

State and Country Physical Geography powerpoint and short essat Presentation

State and Country Physical Geography and short essat - PowerPoint Presentation Example For Maritime zone, the range of temperature ranges from about 60 0F during summer and 20 0F at winter seasons. In the transition region, the temperature ranges from a low of 60 0F to a low of up to 0 0F. On the other hand, the temperatures for the maritime continental region range a low of 60 0F to -10 0F. Finally, the slopes of the arctic region range between over 40 0F to up to -20 0F. The precipitation of the maritime region gives rise to more than 200 inches of precipitation with the major form of precipitation being the snow fall. The regions receiving this amount of precipitation includes; southern panhandle and northern part of the Alaskan Gulf. However, on the Alaskan Range at the Peninsula and the island of the Aleutian which are both at the south of Alaska, the amount of precipitation reduces to about 60 inches. While you move at the north, the amount of precipitation reduces greatly up to about 12 inches at the continental region (Swaney 33). The amount of precipitation reduces even further to up to less than 6 inches towards and in the arctic region. Over the last seven days (from 4th to 10th April), Alaska capita Juneau has recorded the highest temperature of 52 0F and a low of 29 0F (Wallendorf 201). However, the capital has not experienced any form of precipitation in the last seven days. Due to very low precipitation amounts, the Alaskan tundra may seem to appear desolate and barren with very few plant species. However, there are a few plant species that include; Tufted Saxifrage, Caribou Moss, Bearberry, and the arctic Willow. Alaska experiences strong winds especially in areas having an extremely cold temperature. These strong winds pose threats to people when they get exposed even for a short time. There is also a strong storm that is seasonal. The storm emanates from the Bering Sea and moves north or sometimes northeastward. Other environmental threats include; the continuous

Family Nurse Practitioner Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family Nurse Practitioner - Personal Statement Example MSN and Post-Master's Certificate Programs Offered: Certified Nurse Midwifery (accredited by ACME), Family Nurse Practitioner, and/or Women's Health Care Nurse Practitioner (both accredited by the NLNAC). FSMFN also offers an online DNP program accredited by the AACN. MSN - Family Nurse Practitioner, MSN - Nurse Educator, Post-Graduate Certificate Family Nurse Practitioner, Post-Graduate Certificate in Nurse Education offered by All nursing programs at Graceland University are CCNE accredited. Graceland University is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA) and is accredited by the Higher Indiana Wesleyan University - College of Adult and Professional Studies offered MSN- Nursing Administration, MSN - Nursing Education, RN to BSN Completion Online, MSN - Primary Care (Gerontological Nurse Practitioner or Family Nurse Practitioner - *Campus Based) Liberty University's Online MSN - Clinical Nurse Specialist Acute Care Track is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. Graduates are prepared for national certification as a CNS and work as practitioners and/or educators. The University of Cincinnati offers two Online MSN Pr... The University of Cincinnati offers two Online MSN Programs: a Master of Science in Nursing - Nurse Midwifery and a Master of Science in Nursing - Women's Health Nurse Practitioner. The MSN - Nurse Midwifery online program is accredited by the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) and the The MSN - Women's Health Nurse Practitioner online program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). Nursing students may be eligible to complete all or a portion of their clinical site requirements at a clinical site near their home. If not, there are a number of clinical sites in the Chicago area that faculty will assist in setting up for the student. The Rush University - College of Nursing received accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) offered. Advanced Generalist MSN, MSN Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN Neonatal Nurse Practitioner, Community/Public Health Clinical Nurse Specialist, Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD). The Saint Xavier University MSN - Clinical Nurse Leader program is CCNE accredited. Graduates are eligible to sit for the AACN national CNL certification exam Schools Based in Nevada Offering Nurse Practitioner Programs University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 Maryland Parkway Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, 702-895-3360 Offered: MSN- FNP Track, Pediatric NP Track University of Nevada, Reno - Orvis School of Nursing Reno, Nevada 89557-0052 775-784-6841Offered: MSN- FNP Track, College of Human & Community Sciences Nurse Practitioners in Nevada are referred to as Advanced Practitioners of Nursing or APN's. In order to become certified as a nurse practitioner in Nevada, I must first complete a program designed specifically to prepare me to become an

Answer questions on the economy with the explanation and examples Essay

Answer questions on the economy with the explanation and examples - Essay Example With increasing income, the demand for a luxury goods increases sharply as compared to necessity goods. In this case, there is a larger proportionate change in the quantity demanded when a change in price of the good occurs. When the price of the good rises, the demand will fall proportionately more; hence, the total revenue will fall. But when the price of the good falls, the demand will rise proportionately more; hence, the total revenue will rise as well. In this case, there is a smaller proportionate change in the quantity demanded when a change in price of the good occurs. When the price of the good rises, the demand will fall proportionately less; hence, the total revenue will rise due to the higher price. But when the price of the good falls, the demand will rise proportionately less; hence, the total revenue will fall as well. It refers to the maximum price that has set by the government or an agency. The concerns cannot rise above this maximum rate but can fall below it. For Example: Maximum price of the oil fixed by the government in Third world countries. It refers to the minimum price that has been set by the government or an agency. The concerns cannot fall below this minimum rate but can rise about it. For Example: Minimum wage rates fixed by the government. An economic law that states that, as the quantity of a variable factor is increased, the marginal product of these additional units will, at a particular point, start to diminish and be less than the marginal product of the former unit. In the short run of the firm’s production, a few of the input factors are considered to be fixed in nature. Whereas in the long run of the firm’s production, there are no fixed factors as the company can vary the quantity being used over the period of time. The profits are maximized when MR=MC: at an output level of Q as shown in Figure 3. If the output is less than Q, the MR exceeds MC. This

Descartes Views on God Essay Example for Free

Descartes Views on God Essay From reading some of his works, one might assume that Rene Descartes does not believe in the existence of a heavenly being, a God that presides over humans and gives us faith. I do not believe this to be the case. I believe that Descartes is simply trying to destroy all of the uncertainties that have come about do to inadequate explanations of such a supreme being. For Rene Descartes and all of the other believers in the world, the existence of God provides a convenient answer to unexplained questions, while never providing answers to the questions about God himself. This is evidenced a great deal in the circular argument made by Descartes in the Meditations on First Philosophy. What follows is a brief account of the third and fifth meditations, which provide Descartes response to the masked question, What is God? Can one perceive or confirm the existence of an idea that is external to him, an idea such as God? In order to determine the answer we must start by understanding the ways in which we can conclude an objects existence. Descartes explains three ways in which a person might come to such a conclusion ?the first, through nature; the second, through feeling a value that is independent of the will of the object; and the third, the objective reality of an idea, or the cause and effect profile. Descartes drills us with the idea that an object will have an effect when it stems from a legitimate cause, or an initial idea that precedes with equal or superior properties in ones intellect. In other words, the mind generates thoughts and ideas about a physical form, and develops a reality for this form, through previous schema and beliefs. And although an idea may give rise to another idea, this regress cannot, nevertheless, be infinite; we must in the end reach a first idea, the cause of which is, as it were, the archetype in which all the reality that is found objectively in these ideas is contained formally. The only problem with Descartes argument is when the existence of God arises as a notion, for there is no sustenance or idea for the notion of God to originate from. Is it possible, then, to create the idea of a finite being from an infinite existence, outside of the physical and mental, in a state all of its own? Descartes quickly answers that the response would be that a finite being cannot completely, if at all, comprehend the ideas that would cause God to exist, and therefore the basis for doubt is lost in an intangible proof. Additionally, the mere fact that he believes that there is a God provides yet another piece of proof towards His existence. This must be true, according to Descartes, with the provision that the idea and belief must have been placed in his consciousness by an outside factor. The final factor that convinces Descartes that there is a God is the fact of his own existence, along with the fact that he, himself, is not a God. This belief stems from the theory that if a man is independent from all other existence and ideas about forms and matter, then he has the ability to become infinite. Descartes says that if he himself were the author of his own being and independent of all existence, then he would attain a Godly level of existence. Ultimately, it is his own dependence on another being that proves to him that there is a God. Many people are bred into religion, or borne into a set of ideas about a particular infinite being. The interesting problem with most types of faith in this manner is that the scripture that has been deemed to come from your god is also the proof that God exists. This is the type of circular definition that Descartes is trying to avoid at all costs. Basically, its like using a word in its own definition, or ? the definition of an apple is an apple. The argument begins to get a little bit ambiguous when he begins discussing the uncertainty of his beliefs. He is, as he claims, as certain of the idea of the sun, the moon, the earth, even his own rational thought, as he is certain of Gods existence.

Role of Femininity in Film

Role of Femininity in Film Throughout this essay I will be examining the role of femininity in Hollywood film and world cinema in particular Bollywood, I will also asses female stereotypes within film and how they differ throughout the years especially from the 1930’s such as films like ‘Gone With the Wind’ to the 1980’s with films such as ‘Terminator’. In addition I will demonstrate that there are also different racial stereotypes of women in film and the femininity of black women in film differs from white women. In order to understand and examine this topic it is beneficial to review the current research on how women are analysed through film we must look at the male gaze which is a concept used for analysing visual culture. One of the leading theories attributed to gender stereotypes within film is the ‘male gaze’. â€Å"The male gaze is a term coined by feminist film theorist Laura Mulvey. Mulvey’s theory the male gaze was influenced by Sigmund Freud.† (Cook, 2008) Freud was a psychologist that developed theory â€Å"that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them†. (BBC, 2014) According to Mulvey the â€Å"male gaze is both voyeuristic and fetishistic. Her concept illustrated that women were merely shown on screen in classic Hollywood† (Cook, 2008) ( classic Hollywood is a style of Hollywood film between 1910 and 1960’s) in order to supply men with visual pleasure. Mulvey explored how the psychoanalytic concepts of narcissism and voyeurism can be used to explain how visual pleasure is generated. Narcissism means a love of self (Soanes and Stevenson, 2003) and voyeurism is a visual pleasure that arises from looking at others in a sexualised way (Benshoff and Griffin, 2004). Mulvey argues that there are two types of visual pleasure. â€Å"In most Hollywood films the narcissistic pleasure of identification usually involves identifying with the male characters, the ones who are active and aggressive. On the other hand, the voyeuristic pleasures created by cinema primarily involve looking at the female characters on screen.† (Benshoff and Griffin, 2004) â€Å"Thus, classical Hollywood cinema targets a majority of its films at a supposed male hetro-sexual audience member, making individuals outside this group adjust to a male point of view that is ‘the male gaze’.† (Cook, 2008) Claire Johnston, was also a feminist film theoretician like Mulvey. Johnston is known for her research on the construction of ideology in mainstream cinema. In her scholarly works, she also discusses the male gaze. She agreed with Mulvey that the camera sees women as an extension of a male vision; she also assessed stereotypes within Hollywood film using a semiotic analysis. Her semiotic point of view was based on Roland Barthe’s notion of myth, Barthe’s notion of myth meant, that dominate ideologies become naturalised that means the most dominant cultural, historical values and beliefs are made to seem normal and common-sense. (Barthe’s, 2013) Johnston â€Å"investigated the ‘myth’ of women in classic cinema. The sign ‘woman’ can be analysed as a code or convention. It represents the ideological meaning that ‘woman’ has for men. In relation to herself she means nothing.† (Cook, 2008) John Berger a prominent art criti c assessed Laura Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze in his book, ‘Ways of Seeing’ (1972). He states that ‘men act andwomenappear’. Berger agreed with Mulvey that because the viewer was mostly male the appearance of women in film was intended to attract a male’s attention. However criticisms against Mulvey’s theory the male gaze, have been that of film theorist E. Ann Kaplan who theories were based around feminist film ideology. In Kaplan book ‘Women in film (1983) she asked Is the gaze male?† Both Kaplan as well as film theorist Kaja Silverman† argued that â€Å"the man was not always in control and the woman is not always passive† (Chandler 2000). Feminist writer Teresa de Lauretis (1987) concluded the female viewer does not simply take up a male point of view, â€Å"but works always; in a double identification with the active and passive subject positions†. (Chandler 2000). Journalist Steve Neale also assessed the male gaze theory and his conclusion was that the gaze in Hollywood films is not primarily male, but primarily heterosexual. Both Neale as well as film theorist Richard Dyer concluded that the male characters within film have the capacity to be objectified as well. The man would not always be the spectator, who had rule over the gaze. (Litosseliti and Sunderland, 2002) It is important to note that within Hollywood film since the 1980s, there has been an increasing objectification of the male body in film. (Evans Gamman, 1995). For example in the film Thelma and Louise (1991) Brad Pitt’s character, who is a male, is objectified in every shot of him, this shows that the male spectator was not prioritised but the female spectator was. When analysing femininity in film it is important to discuss stereotypes of women portrayed on screen and also the social context that they live in. One of the most notable stereotypes concerning black woman and Hollywood film is the ‘Mammy’ caricature taken from the film ‘Gone with the wind’ (1939) played by Hattie McDaniel. Critical studies writer Todd Boyd (2008) states, The ‘Mammy’ stereotype is a domestic servant who is often, fat, docile, unattractive, happy- go-lucky, and loyal to the white family. In addition sociologist David Pilgrim (2000) states although sometimes she may have children she was completely desexualized. She belonged to the white master and his family plus she had no black companions. To further illustrate what Boyd (2008) has stated, the ‘Mammy’ caricature was a symbol during slavery, as ‘supposed’ proof that black women were contented, even happy, as slaves. Attributes of the ‘mammy†™ such as her broad smile, her chuckles, and devoted servitude to the white family; were presented as confirmation of the believed humanity of Trans-Atlantic slavery. The Mammy caricature can be the seen in the film Gone with the wind (1939). If we were to analyse the character Mammy in Gone with the wind, we would see that she is a faithful to the white family who she serves; to such an extreme length, that she internalised white southern values and norms. For example she encourages Scarlett O’Hara who she serves as a â€Å"house slave†, to eat before she goes to a party, or else at the party she would be eating ravenously instead of â€Å"like a bird†: which is what a young southern belle is meant to do. Mammy’s devotion for the white family is reaffirmed when she states at the birth of Scarlett’s daughter, â€Å"this is a proud day for me I’ve helped delivered three generations of baby girls for this family†. She also shows her disdain for other black people and calls them ‘no good’. However a new stereotype of black women emerged in the 1970’s. This era bore a new genre of film known as ‘blaxploitation’. Blaxploitation is an ethnic sub genre of exploitation films which were made for black audiences. With this new genre came a new stereotype the superwoman image. The superwoman image portrays black woman as the action heroines of their neighbourhoods ready to defend family and community by any means necessary. â€Å"The super woman image portrayed black woman as strong and invincible. This image sent out that black women could endure and overcome all odds.† (Boyd, 2008) Actress Pam Grier was an icon of the superwoman image. Never-the-less in Hollywood films, white women have been stereotyped differently to black women in film and their femininity was portrayed in different ways. Such as in the 1930s and 1940s many white female actresses were stereotyped into melodrama roles on screen. In melodrama films of the 30’s and 40’s the female was the main protagonist in the film. Also the plot lines in a melodramatic role often consisted of the main female character having to sacrifice her career for love, or vice versa. This typical plotline and stereotype can be seen in the film ‘Lady in the Dark’ (1944). The leading character Liza Elliot played by actress Ginger Rogers she is a powerful and unmarried fashion magazine executive, she undergoes psychoanalyse as she is having strange dreams that bother her so much that she can no longer make up her mind. She is later cured and is therefore free to stop trying to be ‘like a man’ and settle in to her rightful role as a wife and sell her business to her fiancà ©. Anthropologist blogger K. Smith Pullman (2008) stated, that typical the melodrama plot line, â€Å"showed women that if they want to both work and have love, that it was not entirely possible†. (Pullman, 2008) Moreover in the 1950’s femininity was displayed in Hollywood film in the 1950’s in a different way, â€Å"when women were shown as blatantly sexual and seductive threats, such as Lana Turner or Ava Gardner, or on the other end of the spectrum as innocent and wholesome, like Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly. Marilyn Monroe slightly bridged this gap, as she was often depicted as both seductive and innocent.† (Pullman, 2008) However femininity in film has not always fit into those stereotypes and from the 1980s a new type of femininity was displayed in Hollywood film this was the androgynous woman this example can be demonstrated in the character Sarah Connor in the film ‘The Terminator’ (1984) â€Å" These are supposed to be the â€Å"strong† women, showing viewers that women cannot be both strong and sexual, without posing a threat.† (Pullman, 2008) Also, notably the genres in which women are stereotyped significantly are horror films. According to Adam Rockoff (2002), â€Å"One of the most continuing images of horror films is that of the good-looking heroine screaming with fear- as the killer hastily approaches.† The heroine of the film is often dubbed the ‘final girl’. The final girl was coined by film theorist Carol Clover. Brewer (2009) states: In the beginning of the film, filmmakers habitually depict the final girl as visibly tough, resourceful, and determined. Despite the fact the she often finds her friends or relatives dead. The final girl manages to survive in the end of the film, normally following a final struggle with the killer Many scholars and feminist film critics have discussed the overt masculinity of the final girl. Carol Clover author of ‘Men, Women, and Chainsaws’ says that, â€Å"TheFinal Girl, is on reflection, a congenial double for the adolescent male. She is feminine enough to act out in a gratifying way, a way unapproved for adult males, the terms and masochistic pleasures of the underlying fantasy, but not so feminine as to disturb the structure of male competence and sexuality† (Rockoff, 2002, p. 13). â€Å"According to Weaver and Tamborini (1996), traditional gender-role stereotypes also exist throughout horror films† (Brewer, 2009). For example, the male characters are shown acting violently and are more likely to attack the killer. Nevertheless female characters are more prone to run away from the killer. â€Å"Female characters in horror films are also depicted expressing fear and panic on screen longer than the male protagonists. Modern horror films of the 1990s till present often depict male characters as jokes or helpless bystanders†. (Brewer, 2 009) When assessing femininity in film it is also important to look at world cinema. Portrayals of women in Bollywood films share a link with ideals about women in Indian society. â€Å"In traditional Indian society, the lives of women were severely restricted. Women’s roles were essentially as a daughter wife and mother.† (Gokulsing and Dissanayanke, 1998) In Bollywood films the ideal wife character must be â€Å"sexually pure and the epitome of sexually fidelity†. (Gokulsing and Dissanayanke, 1998) As Richards (1995: p.3) states, that Bollywood films upholds the â€Å"traditional patriarchal views of society consistent with the cultural norms pertaining to the status of women in Indian society.† The opposite role of the wife is the ‘vamp’, â€Å"normally a decadent modern woman, generally with a name like Rosie or Mary† (Gokulsing and Dissanayanke, 1998). Gokulsing and Dissanayanke (1998) states that the vamp normally defies tradition and strives to imitate western women. â€Å"She drinks, she smokes, visit night clubs and is quick to fall in and out of love. She is portrayed as a morally degraded person and has come to be associated with everything unwholesome about the west. And she is always punished for her unacceptable behaviour.† (Gokulsing and Dissanayanke, 1998) As Dwyer and Patel (2002) commented, In Bollywood, men are depicted in many varied roles; women are almost always depicted in traditional feminine roles. For example, in numerous Bollywood films starring Akshay Kumar and Katrina Kaif, the female star always represents â€Å"the damsel in distress†, while, the actor is continuously shown to be a â€Å"ladies man†. To conclude, femininity in film is very complex if we asses Mulvey’s point of view women in film are there only to supply men with visual pleasure this could be seen a lot through film in the 1950’s with Hollywood actresses such as Ava Gardner and Marilyn Manroe but over the years women in film have been shown in a variety of situations not just the blatant sex object such as the role of Sarah Connor in the film ‘Terminator’ which was androgynous and took on male cinematic characteristics. Also when assessing world cinema we see that the more patriarchal a society is the more women are stereotyped on screen this can be seen through Bollywood. Also throughout the horror genre in Hollywood film femininity is displayed through ‘the final girl’ which many film scholars have stated the final girl is has overtly masculine characteristics although she is aesthetically beautiful. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barthes, R., 2013. Mythologies: The Complete Edition, in a New Translation. New York: Hill Wang BBC, 2014. Sigmund Freud [Online], Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/freud_sigmund.shtml [Accessed: 30/09/2014] BENSHOFF, H. and S. GRIFFIN, 2004. America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality at the Movies. Victoria: Blackwell Publishing Berger, J. 1972.Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin Books. Boyd, T., 2008. The Mammy Image. In African Americans and Popular Culture. Connecticut: Praeger Cook, P. 2008 The Cinema Book. London: BFI Publishing Brewer, C. 2009. THE STEREOTYPIC PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN SLASHER FILMS: THEN VERSUS NOW [online] Available from: http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04092009-105427/unrestricted/Brewer_thesis.pdf.pdf [Accessed 11/10/2014] Chandler, D., (2000) Notes on the Gaze [online] Available from: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/gaze/gaze09.html [Accessed 30/09/2014] De Lauretis, T., 1987. Essays on theory, film and fiction Bloomington: Indiana University Press Dwyer, R., and Patel, D., 2002. Cinema India: The visual culture of Hindi Film, London: Reaktion Books. Evans, C., Lorraine G., 1995: The Gaze Revisited, or Reviewing Queer Viewing. In Burston, Paul Colin Richardson (Eds.): A Queer Romance: Lesbians, Gay Men and Popular Culture. London: Routledge, pp. 13-56. Gokulsing, K., M., and Dissanayanke, W., 1998. Indian Popular Cinema: A narrative of Cultural Cinema, London: Trentham Books. Johnston, C., 1991. Women’s Cinema as Counter Cinema. In: Thornham, S., (ed) 1999. Feminism Film Theory A reader. New York: New York University Press Kaplan,E., A., 1983. Women and Film: Both Sides of the Camera, New York: Methuen Publishing King, T., 2007. Does film criticism affect box office earnings? Evidence from movies released in the U.S. in 2003. Journal of Cultural Economics, 31, 171-186. Litosseliti, L. and Sunderland, J. (eds.) 2002. Gender Identity and Discourse Analysis: Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Pilgrim, D., 2000 The Mammy Caricature [online] Available from: http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/mammies/ [Accessed: 30/09/2014] Pullman, K. (2008) [online] Available from: http://ksmith-hollywoodwomen.blogspot.co.uk/2008/12/stereotypical-roles-of-women-in-films.html [Accesed 30/09/2014] Richard, C., 1996. Hooray for Bollywood, Time Magazine [online] Available from: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985129,00.html?internalid=atm100 [Accessed 30/09/2014] Rockoff, A. (2002). Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978-1986. North Carolina: McFarland Company Inc. Soanes, C. and Stevenson, A., 2013. Oxford Dictionary of English, Revised Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Weaver, J.B., Tamborini, R. (1996). Horror films: Current research on audience preferences and reactions. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Words Expose the Soul :: Writing Education Language Essays

Words Expose the Soul When I was a freshman at Bemidji State I lived in the dorms. My roommates name was Chad. He had a girlfriend who attend Moorhead State. Her name was Jodi. I didn't get a chance to meet Jodi until very late in the year, around February. But up until that time, I had gotten to know her very well. The thing was that since they lived so far apart they didn't call each other until late at night. Most of the time, when she called, Chad wasn't there. It was actually quite ironic, Jodi's roommate was a girl that I graduated with. This led to many conversations, many that over a half an hour. I had seen pictures of her so I knew what she looked like, but I was starting to get a picture of what she was like as a person. I did this through observation of her tone of voice in certain situation, word usage, and overall temperament. By temperament I mean was she happy, sad, or confused in general. All of this gave me a pretty good idea as to what kind of person she was. One day in February I had the opportunity to find out exactly what she like. She came to visit Chad, and stay the night. This gave us a chance to talk face to face. It was very funny, because she was exactly like I thought she would be. I couldn't believe that I had gotten all of this information about her just by listening to the way that she talked. Some might say that a situation like this and one in where you read something are totally different, but I believe that they are very similar. Reading a piece of writing by a person that you do not personally know is the same as having a conversation with a person over the telephone that you have never met before. In both cases you try to get to know the person better by the words that they use. The means of communication makes no difference. One of the main difference between the reading and listening, though, is that when you listen to a person you can detect inflections and tones that a person uses while talking. When you read you have to rely on the author to provide you with the voice of the characters or maybe even himself.

Ethical Self Reflection Essay

Abstract In many cases, a person must choose between two or more â€Å"rights† that may or may not align with both one’s moral and ethical standards. The care-based, rule-based, ends-based thinking to arrive at a decision rather than rationalizing after the fact are necessary for analyzing ethical dilemmas (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2012, pp. 164-165). The self-reflection needed to identify one’s fundamental nature, and to understand the morals, ethics and values one uses to make decisions are critical to becoming an authentic leader who is a moral manager that serves the people that follow him or her (Hughes, et.al, pp. 152-153). Ethical Self Reflection What is right? Morals define personal character related to the ideas of both right and wrong. Ethics, while inherently linked to morals and one’s moral obligations, is a set of moral principles used in a social system in which those morals are applied. In other words, ethics point to standards or codes of behavior expected by the group to which the individual belongs. These standards could be national ethics, social ethics, company ethics, professional ethics, or even family ethics. So while a person’s moral code is usually unchanging, the ethics he or she practices can be dependent on exogenous factors not controlled by the individual or the group to which the individual belongs. Care-based thinking describes what is commonly referred to as the Golden Rule, â€Å"Do unto others as you want others to do to you†, of conduct and is most closely aligned with Aristotle’s writings concerning happiness. Aristotle writes in Nichomachean Ethics that, â€Å"If hap piness is activity in accordance with virtue, it is reasonable that it should be in accordance with the highest virtue; and this will be that of the best thing in us† (Aristotle, 1992, p. 7). Thus the idea of ethics does not begin with the morals of either right or wrong, but starts with the premise that we all desire what is good or what seems so to us (Brennan, 1992, p. 64).  Happiness, then, is to live in an objectively good way according to several virtues that conform to the best and most complete aspects of human activity including wisdom, knowledge, courage, self-control, magnanimity, and honorable ambition (Brennan, pp. 65-67). These virtues describe the character of a good person whose acts are ethically free, not compelled; voluntary and not forced. Unlike Aristotle’s character based ethics, Immanuel Kant proposes a rule-based thinking that actions of true moral worth are done when a person does the right thing because it is right and not for what benefit the person can get out of the act (Hughes, et.al, p. 165). This type of thinking largely negates the external factors that may influence a person’s inclination to wiegh the decision to act based on the greatest hapiness provided to thegreatest number of people. When one takes the results or consequences of an act into consideration moreso than the act’s rightness or wrongness, then the act can be said to be based on ends-based thinking (Hughes, et.al, p. 165). This thinking is largely based on Utilitariansim proposed by JohnStuart Mill in 1863 who defines it as: The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the happiness. By happiness is intended plea sure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure (Mill, 1863, pp. 9-10). Mill, however, did not propose that the ends of an action justified the means, for justice, to Mills, is paramount to the creation of good organizations and societies (Mill, pp. 42-43). The principle of ends-based thinking or utilitarianism requires that each person count for as much as the next, and that no single man or woman should be made to suffer injustice in order to increase the happiness of all the rest (Brennan, p. 98). Determining why we say what we are going to say; why we do what we are going to do; and why we feel what we feel in an ethical dilemma presupposes that moral choice is rational. However, â€Å"man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalizing animal†¦[and] one of the hardest things to believe is the abysmal depth of human stupidity† (Heinlein, 1953, p. 18). This Sartrean brand of existentialism is based on the idea that we act first, and then look around for reason afterward (Brennan, p. 122). This rationalizing does not operate at the level of our own behavior alone. We, as social animals, are prone to adapt  to the reality as others find it. We tend to conform, even if, when rationally examined, the reality of the group does not make sense. â€Å"To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man† (Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act I scene 3, 78-82). Shakespeare provides Polonius a voice that resonates clearly in present contexts the importance of being true with one’s morals and virtues. True, not in the Elizabethan sense of making certain you had your home and finances in order to allow you to better help others, but true in a sense of Plato’s maxim â€Å"Know Thyself†. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whose name is strongly associated with the Enlightenment movement, believed that the knowledge of oneself is the beginning of wisdom (Brennan, J., p.75). Gaining this knowledge requires self-reflection. Reflection links changed awareness with changed action. Reflection is a valuable part of any worthwhile effort. When one takes the time to thoughtfully reflect about an experience, one is given the opportunity to learn from it, to enjoy success, understand failures, and to gain insights that will be helpful to you in future activities The knowledge of self is essential to enable leaders and followers who aspire to lead to clarify their own values as they model the way for others to follow (Barry P., Kouzes J., 2012). However, lifting the cloud of the false personal perceptions we all build from the front of our observation lenses is no easy task. Our implicit prejudices, in-group favoritism, claims of imagined credit and misjudged conflicts of interest are the fuel to the clouds that provide us an over-inflated sense of self-importance (Hughes R.L., et al., 2012, pp. 161-163) Simple self-reflection or introspection is useful when we are trying to decide to make for dinner. During the 2012 Human Capital Institute (HCI) Learning and Leader Development Conference, BG (Ret) Thomas Kolditz said tha t, â€Å"You can’t become in 30 seconds what you haven’t been in 30 years† (Fakalata, 2012). Whether a leader is in a corporate boardroom, watching the company’s price point per share fall so low that you need a special ticket into the New York Stock Exchange’s stinking underbelly to see how far it really sunk, or whether a leader is watching his ladder and hose crews battle an industrial chemical fire near a suburban Alabama community, the situations that test leadership are also the events that produce competent and selfless leaders driven by moral obligation and social conscience (Kolditz, 2007). Likewise, these same  situations produce the corporate and local government villains that are ridiculed for their selfishness, incompetence, inattentiveness and greed. Motive provides one the reason for doing something and may be considered the â€Å"why† that inspires the â€Å"what† needs to be done (Covey, 2006, p. 78). Values are constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be importa nt (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2012, p. 152). With these definitions in mind, one may surmise that values – what is important to us – guide us to adopt motives that become visible to others through our behavior towards and with others to complete the â€Å"what† needs to be done. Loyalty to a leader is engendered when followers can place their full trust in leaders who are perceived as persons with high moral integrity (Wakin, 1976, p. 587). The moral obligations one has influences the values that drive us toward a certain set of motives that cause us to take action under varying circumstances. Leaders who are consistent with their behaviors with respect to their perceived moral obligations are viewed as having high moral integrity and worthy of trust. The ability of a person to lead a group is often dependent on the culture and the group’s beliefs in right and wrong – the ethical climate (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, p. 155). For example, a person who values money, reducing expenses, realizing p rofits, and maximizing business opportunities is motivated by finance or financial wealth. This person, leading a group that values devotion to duty, hard work, and respect for authority, may experience difficulty because the values are not shared and will seldom align to the tradition that motivates the group being led. The financial leader in a group of traditionalists may be viewed negatively because the obtaining financial success is considered the wrong â€Å"why† to do work that requires – from the groups perspective – duty, loyalty, hard work and respect. In any context where leadership is a critical component to success, moral absolutists whose values reflect strict adherence to a defined rule-based thought process may be viewed as uncompromising and hide-bound. Likewise, a pragmatist or a person that uses end-based thinking to justify actions may be viewed as one who uses any method to expediently achieve the organizations goals and objectives. In either case, the appellation of absolutist or pragmatist may be viewed as a pejorative depending on what values are shared by the followers and the organization. However, neither  moral archetype explanation is sufficient when dealing with human actions and the values that drive the motives behind these actions. Truth-telling, promise-keeping, preservation of life, respect for property may not be absolute moral obligations, but they are not relative either. Rather, as Hughes describes, the situation significantly influences both the priority of moral obligations and the leadership interaction between the leader and followers in a particular situation (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, p. 26). In terms perhaps more easily understood, moral obligations like promise-keeping may be at odds, depending on the situation, with an equal universal obligation like preserving life. Neither obligation is absolute and neither is relative, however circumstances may arise when one must prioritize the obligation that shapes what one values and provides the motive to take action. Leadership is about getting results in a way that inspires trust (Covey, 2006, p. 40). Trust of oneself, trust in the relationships we have with our constituents and the organization of which we are part. The means to accomplish a task and get the expected results are just as important as the ends. Leaders possessing a set of morals consistent with the ethics of a given society (organization) are better able to get results in a way that maintains or increases trust. The non-conformists and the dissidents who openly oppose dominant social attitudes and ideologies are not necessarily more correct or more rational. But we might take their criticism as an opportunity for honest self-reflection and examination of even our most dearly held views of ourselves and our society. Congruence with morals, values, motives and behavior results in what we might call integrity. There are no gaps between what the person believes and how they act, and therefore we can trust that actions are done in accordance with who the individual really is. References Aristotle. (1992, January 3). Nichomachean Ethics. The Internet Classics Archive, X. (D. C. Stevenson, Ed., & W. D. Ross, Trans.) Cambridge, MA, United States. Retrieved from http://classics.mit.edu//Aristotle/nicomachaen.html Brennan, J. G. (1992). Foundations of Moral Obligation; The Stockdale Course. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press. Covey, S. (2006). The Speed of Trust: The One Thing That Changes Everything. New York, NY: Free Press. Heinlein, R. A. (1953). Assignment in Eternity. NY, New York: Baen Publishing Enterprises. Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C., & Curphy, G. J. (2012). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Mill, J. S. (1863). Utilitarianism. London, England: Parker, Son and Bourne. Retrieved from https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=lyUCAAAAQAAJ&rdid=book-lyUCAAAAQAAJ&rdot=1 Wakin, M. M. (1976). The Ethics of Leadership. American Behavioral Scientist (Pre-1986), 19(5), 567-588. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/194626859?accountid=12871